{"id":8124,"date":"2023-05-05T07:12:21","date_gmt":"2023-05-05T07:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/il-vigneto-pre-fillossera\/"},"modified":"2025-02-21T15:31:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T15:31:09","slug":"prefillossera-vineyard","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/en\/prefillossera-vineyard\/","title":{"rendered":"Prefillossera Vineyard"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"8124\" class=\"elementor elementor-8124\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7317bc25 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"7317bc25\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a353f78\" data-id=\"a353f78\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e968c39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5e968c39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-748172a9\" data-id=\"748172a9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-11c2142b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"11c2142b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f13569c\" data-id=\"7f13569c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-278db6f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"278db6f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">INTRODUCTION<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41c7fe67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41c7fe67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PHYLLOXERA AND EUROPEAN VITICULTURE: INTRODUCTION<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-775eb069 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"775eb069\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Phylloxera<\/strong> is an insect of North American origin belonging to the family of Phylloxeridae; in particular, it is a small phytophagous aphid associated with species of the genus Vitis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cb251d\" data-id=\"3cb251d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a68532 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39a68532\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Phylloxera lethally attacks both the <strong>leaf<\/strong> and <strong>root<\/strong> systems of the vine: in the first case, it lays its eggs inside knotted galls that make chlorophyll photosynthesis less efficient; in the second case, it favours irregular growths in the roots called root tubercles.<br \/>Phylloxera is a complex insect, highly efficient, and presents a different behaviour depending on the type of vine: in <strong>American vines<\/strong>, it attacks mainly the aerial apparatus, contrary to <strong>European vines<\/strong>, in which it slowly destroys the root system, bringing the plant to death by suffocation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-70549a8c\" data-id=\"70549a8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3960f169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3960f169\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Like all aphids, phylloxera carries out a transformation cycle through different evolutionary stages during its life. Depending on the stage of growth, the attachment areas on the vine look well diversified. In the case of <strong>Vitis Vinifera<\/strong>, the life cycle of phylloxera is incomplete, making sure that the attachment remains limited only to the root zone, with the severity of infestation and damage also depending on the type of vine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-247d7fd7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"247d7fd7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-577ae1a5\" data-id=\"577ae1a5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-248b6a90 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-loire_core_single_image\" data-id=\"248b6a90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"loire_core_single_image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-single-image qodef-layout--default qodef-image-alignment--center   \" data-viewport-offset=\"0.33\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-m-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1359\" height=\"142\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng.png 1359w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng-300x31.png 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng-1024x107.png 1024w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng-768x80.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1359px) 100vw, 1359px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-36112b6b elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"36112b6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78320e1a\" data-id=\"78320e1a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e8e2dd8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-loire_core_single_image\" data-id=\"3e8e2dd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"loire_core_single_image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-single-image qodef-layout--default qodef-image-alignment--center   \" data-viewport-offset=\"0.33\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-m-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1359\" height=\"142\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng.png 1359w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng-300x31.png 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng-1024x107.png 1024w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/AMIAMO-I-CENTENARI_eng-768x80.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1359px) 100vw, 1359px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f5419c7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"f5419c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12371d52\" data-id=\"12371d52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ecd22c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ecd22c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">THE INTRODUCTION OF PHYLLOXERA TO EUROPE<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e56f8d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e56f8d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The history of <strong>European viticulture<\/strong> in general and, in particular, in Italy in the second half of the 1800s has arrived at a catastrophic event. This event was a turning point in the way we perceive and experience modern viticulture and oenology: <strong>phylloxera<\/strong> destroyed a significant part of European vineyards, with the consequent loss of a large part of viticultural biodiversity and the destruction of entire production areas.<br \/>The exact method by which phylloxera was introduced into Europe is unknown and has been much debated in the literature. It is assumed that its arrival occurred originally through exchanges of exotic plant species used to enrich the floristic collections of European botanical gardens, including the American vine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-149062b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"149062b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Certainly, in this case, too, the <strong>anthropic and sociological context<\/strong> has played a leading role: while in the past the routes connecting America and Europe had travel times of several months, with the introduction of steamships and technological improvements, the timing was reduced to about a week in the late XIX century. It is therefore argued that phylloxera has always been &#8220;on board&#8221; these ships, but with the long distances, it could not survive and therefore did not arrive at its destination, while with the speeding up of journeys due to the replacement of sailing ships with steamships, it succeeded in surviving and therefore spreading widely in Europe and Italy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66b2a554\" data-id=\"66b2a554\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f29d1ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f29d1ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PHYLLOXERA: THE IMPACT ON ETNA<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f2326cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f2326cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These events led to the first, and most impressive, step: the restructuring of the European vineyard. In its places of origin, the aphid carries out its life cycle in close relationship with the American species. The phylloxera-American vine coevolution, developed over time, has determined the emergence of trophic equilibrium relationships for resistance. These relationships, although the European vine is similar to the American vine, are partial and incomplete and lead to the death of the plant.<br \/><strong>In Italy<\/strong>, the presence of phylloxera is documented from the second half of the 1800s in northern Italy, from there moving forward indistinctly throughout \u201cthe boot\u201d even coming to devastate southern Italy. <strong>In Sicily<\/strong> , affecting equally, both the western part of the island and the eastern one.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b72b5b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b72b5b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWe are still in the historical moment when a solution to the problem is far away from being found and applied on a large scale. Sicily, despite everything, did not find itself unprepared, since numerous committees were established throughout the territory to analyse the phenomenon and, where possible, try to counteract its development. This gives us a very precise history of the progress and timing of the infestation.\nEtna was slowly colonized by phylloxera, which brought devastation and reduction of cultivated areas throughout the range of the volcano, with consequences that marked for a whole century the trend of this foothill viticulture with ancient roots.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f220c39 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"4f220c39\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43a3479a\" data-id=\"43a3479a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3fbdec2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"3fbdec2c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7bfcda72\" data-id=\"7bfcda72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-647b17b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"647b17b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">THE DISCOVERY <br>AND ENHANCEMENT OF THE VINEYARD<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-338f0899 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"338f0899\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Firriato was one of the first major brands in Sicily to deal with high mountain viticulture, arriving on Etna in the early 1990s.<br \/>The first production of Etna Rosso DOC dates back to 1994, a date that officially marks the path of enhancement and exploration of the Etna terroir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e4e5df8\" data-id=\"2e4e5df8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dcbd5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36dcbd5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"> Firriato&#8217;s journey along the north side of the Mountain continued in the following years until a real turning point, when the company acquired some parcels of vineyards located in Contrada Verzella, at a base altitude of about 650 meters above sea level.\nAlready looking at the geological map of Etna, this land immediately appears as an intersection of different eras of the volcano, which guarantees very particular soil conditions.\nIn this context, along the profile of Sciara, a particular vineyard has been identified that is characterized by plants that are distinguished from the classic vines for shape, size, and the formation of the trunk, often evolving in concentric circles, coils, and twisted branches, just as ancient, centuries-old vines.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d1c7550\" data-id=\"6d1c7550\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b3eff2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b3eff2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">In addition, after draining the soil around the root system of the group of plants that seemed to us more ancient, we had an incredible surprise: the absence of the grafting point, only ungrafted viticulture; they were totally European vines from the roots to the leaf system.\nWe immediately realized the absolute value of this vineyard and began to apply the methods we use in our production philosophy, namely the scientific approach, hypothesis building, and validation of data through analyses carried out by research institutes.\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39769a97\" data-id=\"39769a97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7796ada3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7796ada3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a224072 elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"a224072\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-736b7687\" data-id=\"736b7687\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4097316c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4097316c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33834150\" data-id=\"33834150\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15f8eaee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15f8eaee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SCIENTIFIC APPROACH<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a83d66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-qi_addons_for_elementor_blockquote\" data-id=\"2a83d66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"qi_addons_for_elementor_blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-qi-blockquote qodef-layout--inline qodef--\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"qodef-m-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe general belief was clear: we are in front of a <strong>vineyard with ungrafted roots<\/strong> and a \"significant\" average age, planted before the arrival of phylloxera on the volcano and survived the devastation of the infestation, and, above all, there was a need to investigate the safe presence of plants that, due to ampelographic characteristics, seem to differ from the vines known today.\nThe next step was to submit the vineyard to a dendrological and <strong>ampelographic analysis<\/strong> in order to have scientific certainty about what was found inside the <strong>pre-phylloxera vineyard.\n<\/strong>\t\t<\/h5>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c66d694 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"2c66d694\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72f2fb06\" data-id=\"72f2fb06\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f69fe70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f69fe70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SETTING THE DATE<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b0d1743 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b0d1743\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>Vitis Vinifera<\/strong>, technically, is not a tree but a <strong>deciduous liana<\/strong>, so it is not supposed that there is a direct proportionality between the size of the trunk and the age; nevertheless, the growth of the trunk in the vine, is a direct consequence of many variables, from the typical feature of the single vine up to the pruning techniques passing through the place where it is grown. In addition, the medullary part of the wood of this plant tends to rot over time, so the association &#8220;trunk size &lt;\u2013&gt; plant age&#8221; is anything but obvious in this context.<br \/>Given the complexity of evaluating the age of a vineyard, except for the mere documentary and cadastral analysis, <strong>Firriato<\/strong> decided to verify the possibility of making a dating of the vineyard that adopts a <strong>scientific method<\/strong>, to verify and an attestation what from a first analysis seemed evident: a vineyard that <strong>survived<\/strong> phylloxera, planted before the arrival of the infestation on the volcano, and mostly consisting of ungrafted plants.<br \/>To deal with this complex issue, we have put in place, in collaboration with the <strong>Department of Agricultural, Food, and Forestry Sciences of the University of Palermo<\/strong>, a dendrochronological analysis of the wood of the vines in a statistical sample that lists the population of the vineyard.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19bb9daf\" data-id=\"19bb9daf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157246cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"157246cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PRE PHYLLOXERA ATTESTATION<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52d6d599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52d6d599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Through an accurate dendrochronological analysis of samples and wood carrots it was possible to make the <strong>dating<\/strong> of a chosen sample of these plants, fixing the <strong>average age<\/strong> with scientific rigor and attesting an updated age of <strong>over 150 years<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Starting from published research in this sector, which informs us that phylloxera infested the north side of the volcano slightly later, starting from the last years of the 1800s, it becomes clear that the vineyard, whose plants were used as the subject of analysis, was planted before the arrival of phylloxera and survived the terrible infestation, attesting, therefore, that the vineyard is a <strong>survivor of centuries-old viticulture<\/strong> prior to the advent of grafting on American foot.<br \/>These results made Firriato feel that the dream came true: for a company that has always had the goal of enhancing <strong>uniqueness<\/strong>, exploring the wine continent of Sicily, and <strong>enhancing native<\/strong> vines, being custodians of a pre-phylloxera vineyard means being responsible for a unique heritage in the world.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-739214bc elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"739214bc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22260296\" data-id=\"22260296\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-797b3272 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"797b3272\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.18.0 - 20-12-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-2_-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8208\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-2_-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-2_-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-2_-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-2_-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5be63e57\" data-id=\"5be63e57\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d4e577c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7d4e577c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/5_-Valorizzazione-della-continuita-storica-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8210\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/5_-Valorizzazione-della-continuita-storica-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/5_-Valorizzazione-della-continuita-storica-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/5_-Valorizzazione-della-continuita-storica-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/5_-Valorizzazione-della-continuita-storica-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-410c02e1\" data-id=\"410c02e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b056db4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b056db4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4_Vitigni-rari-genotipi-sconosciuti-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8212\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4_Vitigni-rari-genotipi-sconosciuti-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4_Vitigni-rari-genotipi-sconosciuti-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4_Vitigni-rari-genotipi-sconosciuti-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/4_Vitigni-rari-genotipi-sconosciuti-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-527cabae\" data-id=\"527cabae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11de3777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11de3777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/terribile-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8214\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/terribile-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/terribile-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/terribile-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/terribile-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36de2faf\" data-id=\"36de2faf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fcc1822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4fcc1822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1-BOX-La-Fillossera-e-il-suo-impatto-con-lEtna-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8216\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1-BOX-La-Fillossera-e-il-suo-impatto-con-lEtna-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1-BOX-La-Fillossera-e-il-suo-impatto-con-lEtna-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1-BOX-La-Fillossera-e-il-suo-impatto-con-lEtna-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1-BOX-La-Fillossera-e-il-suo-impatto-con-lEtna-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29ae642e\" data-id=\"29ae642e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66e4661e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"66e4661e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8218\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Scoperta-e-valorizzazione-del-vigneto-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24b047a9 2015-content elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"24b047a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-127a8aef\" data-id=\"127a8aef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33ff4446 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33ff4446\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">THE SURVIVING VINEYARD - Territorial exceptionalism<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c838d0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c838d0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">HOW DID THIS VINEYARD SURVIVE?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80fc7d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-qi_addons_for_elementor_blockquote\" data-id=\"80fc7d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"qi_addons_for_elementor_blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-qi-blockquote qodef-layout--inline qodef--icon-pack\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"qodef-m-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"qodef-m-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-quote-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThese results have only increased our interest in these vineyards, making us ask new questions and expanding the research paths related to them.\t\t<\/h5>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-35299738 2015-content elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"35299738\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-604042da\" data-id=\"604042da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65721aee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65721aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The next question we asked ourselves, taking into consideration that Etna was and currently is infested with phylloxera, was the following: <em><strong>how did these vines succeed in surviving and reaching us.<\/strong><\/em><br \/>In some parts of the <strong>Cavanera Etnea estate<\/strong>, the volcanic soils where the vineyards grow date back to very ancient pedogenetic processes, referring to previous &#8220;eras&#8221; of the volcano itself as we know it.<br \/>These pedogenetic, erosive, anthropic, and geological processes that underlie this particular area of the Etna zone have favoured the <strong>pulverization of the soil<\/strong>, transforming it into a soil with a high <strong>sand<\/strong> content. The very fine graininess that derives from it characterizes the pedological behavior consistent with its nature and the acidity of the soil itself.<br \/>As is known, this particular condition does <strong>not favour<\/strong> the adaptation of phylloxera to the root ananocycle, in which it attacks the root system and, consequently, protects the vine from root attack.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7eac44a8\" data-id=\"7eac44a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17307b4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17307b4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In a complementary way, the <strong>microclimatic<\/strong> conditions and the altimetric and temperature variables, which on Etna differ from subzone to subzone, affect the presence of phylloxera on the Etna territory. In fact, the spread of the aphid is favoured by specific <strong>environmental conditions<\/strong>: for example, temperatures higher than 10\u00b0C favour its development, with an optimum at 25\u00b0C; below this threshold, the spread of the insect slows down, and, therefore, cold climates kill this insect and limit its destructive capabilities.<br \/>The most reliable hypothesis, to date in the scientific validation phase, is that phylloxera <strong>exists<\/strong> in these areas; however, in the particles where this vineyard insists, the predoclimatic conditions slow down the attacks on the root systems or, alternatively, make them so slow that the vine itself is able to regenerate the root systems and therefore survive over time.<br \/>Proof of this is the absence of root bites or galls in the leaf apparatus of door grafts of American vines present in the vineyards just nearby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2693f314 elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"2693f314\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35f390ef\" data-id=\"35f390ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30c582a6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-loire_core_single_image\" data-id=\"30c582a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"loire_core_single_image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-single-image qodef-layout--default qodef-image-alignment--center   \" data-viewport-offset=\"0.33\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-m-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"165\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/text_ilsopravvissuto950.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/text_ilsopravvissuto950.png 950w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/text_ilsopravvissuto950-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/text_ilsopravvissuto950-768x133.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7807cc7a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"7807cc7a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e2f4778\" data-id=\"5e2f4778\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acc1f14 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"5acc1f14\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8b58c4\" data-id=\"5d8b58c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aa84df1 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-loire_core_single_image\" data-id=\"1aa84df1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"loire_core_single_image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-shortcode qodef-m  qodef-single-image qodef-layout--default qodef-image-alignment--center   \" data-viewport-offset=\"0.33\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"qodef-m-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"190\" src=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/text_the-survivor-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/text_the-survivor-1.png 950w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/text_the-survivor-1-300x60.png 300w, https:\/\/signumetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/text_the-survivor-1-768x154.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45ab245e 2015-content elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"45ab245e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-123f2bb\" data-id=\"123f2bb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32ea103 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"32ea103\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">THE SURVIVING VINEYARD<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-721fb065 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"721fb065\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The anthropogenic and sociological context<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40223db2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40223db2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There is also another reason related to the existence of this vineyard that, although less important than the phytosanitary one, is still important to understand the importance of this vineyard: The human intervention that would explain the ways in which the pre-phylloxera vineyard has survived the infection<br \/>To deepen the concept, it is necessary to contextualize the <strong>anthropic and sociological component<\/strong> of the period: we are talking about years in which the demand for Etna wine is constantly declining and, above all, <strong>migration<\/strong> from Sicily is very strong, with a substantial percentage of the population that has chosen to move to the United States, South America, and other destinations such as northern Italy and Western Europe. Even the farmers are not an exception: these are the years in which <strong>urbanization<\/strong> is very strong, and many prefer to seek their fortune in the cities, basically abandoning mass agriculture and viticulture.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-47e9941\" data-id=\"47e9941\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1006bfe6 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1006bfe6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45866b98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45866b98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This last aspect is decisive because the generalized habit in Sicily was and is to uproot the vineyards and renew them with vines of twenty- or thirty-year cycles in order to guarantee the productive constancy and economic sustainability of viticulture.<br \/>When the paradigm shifted to progress and the gradual abandonment of the sale of grapes and the declining demand for wine, also due to the invalidation of trade agreements with France at the end of the 1800s, the remaining farmers continued with their <strong>peculiar &#8220;family&#8221;<\/strong> production of both grapes and wine, thus freed from the logic of grubbing up and renewal, but did not follow the logic of replacing plants any more.<br \/>With the passage of time, therefore, thanks to the unconscious action of man, our Cavanera Etnea plants have become centuries-old and reached us, carrying an important piece of the <strong>history of world viticulture.<\/strong><br \/>All these aspects have contributed to reducing the anthropic pressure on the vineyard by moving from intensive to extensive maintenance interventions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd1c820 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"fd1c820\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b47b31e\" data-id=\"4b47b31e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-539860bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"539860bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a52d2da\" data-id=\"7a52d2da\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-275aeb22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"275aeb22\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b762a2d\" data-id=\"5b762a2d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f626429 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f626429\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">a heritage of invaluable biodiversity.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaf2ca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aaf2ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROTECTION OF THE VINEYARD<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22be5817 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22be5817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The discovery of unknown genotypes<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38ed9ce0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38ed9ce0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Once the average age of the plants had been attestation and we had the certainty of being in front of a century-old viticulture, we decided to undertake a further strand of analysis, or that of the reconstruction of the genome of the oldest plants, with two main objectives: first, to understand if the DNA of the most famous Etnean vine, or <strong>Nerello Mascalese<\/strong>, could represent a different clone than those known with genome variations.attestation<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-30f8a7a3\" data-id=\"30f8a7a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-392d6ce5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"392d6ce5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The second is to understand if some of the plants, resulting in shape, branches, bunches, grapes, and leaves, are different from what is already known and therefore interesting, and if there are <strong>varieties different<\/strong> from those known.<br \/>After several years of meticulous analysis, it was possible to make a comparison between the DNA of these hundred-year-old specimens of Nerello Mascalese and the modern ones currently present on Etna. These analyses have allowed us to discover <strong>genetic profiles<\/strong> that are currently not reflected in national and international databases in the population of plants present in pre-phylloxera land.<br \/>Given the results&#8217; absolute <strong>scientific interest<\/strong>, research is currently underway to continue the preservation of viticulture <strong>biodiversity<\/strong> and the enhancement of the ampelographic heritage present in the vineyard.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bb218f\" data-id=\"6bb218f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e241c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e241c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The hybrids direct producers<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dae0421 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dae0421\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Some specimens of <strong>direct-producing hybrids<\/strong> have also been identified. These plants also originated as a response to the destruction of vineyards by phylloxera. The graft on the foot of the &#8220;American&#8221; vine was not, therefore, the first and only solution proposed by the researchers as a solution to phylloxera. The hybridization between resistant species and productive species was one of these, that is, the obtaining of a plant that had the European productive qualities but with resistance to phylloxera. This solution was abandoned because grafting was considered much simpler and more effective in the medium term, as hybridization would still have many years of research ahead for obtaining quality grapes. In this part, it is still possible to find some of these plants, not intended for winemaking but still grown for the pure <strong>preservation<\/strong> of the historical, anthropological, cultural, and biological heritage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20427d3e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"20427d3e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6134dfed\" data-id=\"6134dfed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7050e6aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7050e6aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">THE EXPERIMENTAL FIELD AND THE PRESERVATION OF VARIOUS RELICS<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5eed9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5eed9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With the aim of deepening the study of relic varieties with unknown genomes identified in the pre-phylloxera vineyard, Firriato has recently reserved a small parcel for the start of an <strong>experimental field<\/strong>, where about a hundred individuals are planted that include the unknown genotypes, which are the object of research, and other plants of an interesting ampelographic character and of considerable historical and scientific value.<br \/>The objective of this activity is to make sure that a minimum number of plants are involved so as to guarantee an adequate <strong>study sample<\/strong> and begin the enhancement activities through micro-vinification, deepening the studies on the health characteristics and adaptability of plants, thus continuing the extraordinary journey of Firriato in search of the <strong>protection of uniqueness.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-521fd66a\" data-id=\"521fd66a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c3e95b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c3e95b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">THE GUARANTEE OF THE CONTINUITY OF THE PREFILLOXERA VINEYARD:<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a505659 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a505659\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To protect the preservation of this historic treasure of Etna botany, Firriato has undertaken for some time another ambitious project: to preserve <strong>the germplasm<\/strong>, the DNA of prefilloxeric plants, and, above all, the single &#8220;individual vine&#8221; in order to ensure the genetic continuity of The development process of the new specimens is carried out in potted offshoots. In this way, from the oldest vines, new plants are generated, which bring with them the genetic, anthropological, and historical heritage of this vineyard. Once developed, these ungrafted plants are destined to replace possibly failed plants to guarantee that this <strong>historical and wine heritage<\/strong> does not risk becoming extinct.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION PHYLLOXERA AND EUROPEAN VITICULTURE: INTRODUCTION Phylloxera is an insect of North American origin belonging to the family of Phylloxeridae; in particular, it is a small phytophagous aphid associated with species of the genus Vitis. Phylloxera lethally attacks both the leaf and root systems of the vine: in the first case, it lays its eggs [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[106,107],"class_list":["post-8124","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-prefillossera-en","tag-prefillosseraeng"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Prefillossera Vineyard - Signum \u00c6tn\u00e6, il Sigillo dell&#039;Etna - Firriato Winery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Signum \u00c6tn\u00e6 is the predestined. 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